五队中学肖雪琴

 

Part 4  Phrases from page 22 to 25

用下列词组的适当形式完成句子

cut back on                    run out of                               It is obvious that…                         wipe out

in addition                      open the floor                        What if

1.        They got lost in the forest. ______, it was raining cats and dogs.

2.        A terrible disease broke out, and it almost ______ the population of the island.

3.        Your mother is out of work now. My suggestion is that you should ______ your living cost.

4.        ______ you are concerned about the reforms in the educational system.

5.        Now it’s time for us to ______ for our discussion on how to make full use of natural resources.

6.        We are doubting whether we ______ all our natural resources.

7.        ______ aliens should attack the earth?

 

答案解析

1.        In addition

in addition 意为“另外，加之，又”，作副词用，相当于besides 或as well。如：

He had no time to prepare this lecture, in addition, he was unwell。

There was a big earthquake and, in addition, there were terrible tsunamis.

In addition, there is one more point I would like to make.

in addition to 作介词用，意为“加之，除了…之外”。如：

He speaks French in addition to English.

In addition to the sandwiches, Aunt Mary gave us cookies to bring to the picnic.

此外，addition的动词是add，能构成不同的词组。add something to…，意为“把…添加入…”；add up to，意为“总计”；add to意为“增添”。如：

Please add some more salt to this soup.

All his school education added up to no more than one year.

The news that the road was blocked added to her anxiety.

2.        wiped out

wipe out在本单元意为“扫除，消灭”，还有“擦洗…的内部，雪耻”等意思。如：

I hope that the terrible scene will be wiped out from the little boy’s memory.

It is reported that the imported plant will wipe out some of the original species there.

All the information saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.

The deadly disease almost wiped out the entire population.

The houses were wiped out by the flood.

Could you wipe the bath out?

wipe 还能构成其他词组，请试着说出下面这些句子中词组的意思。

a. （把溅出的水等）抹掉                               b. 擦掉

c. 擦去（眼泪等）                                                     d. 把…擦干

(1)     Will you please wipe off the drawing from the blackboard?

(2)     Please wipe up that spilt coffee.

(3)     She wiped her tears away with her handkerchief.

(4)     Please wipe the glasses dry.

Keys:  b     a        c        d

3.        cut back on

cut back on 意为“削减，缩减，减少”。如：

They’ve already cut back production by twenty percent.

You have to cut back on spending.

由cut构成的词组有很多，请试着说出下面这些句子中各词组的意思：

a. 切碎                          b. 插嘴                        c. 切断（电力、煤气、自来水等）

d. 剪下                          e. 使孤立           f. 砍倒

(1)     The electricity was cut off because of the terrible storm.

(2)     They shouldn’t have cut down those young trees.

(3)     To make the dish, you should first cut up the vegetables into small pieces.

(4)     He cut out an article about Liuxiang from the newspaper.

(5)     The moment I began to speak, he cut in.

(6)     The village was cut off by the heavy snow.

Keys: c        f        a        d       b       e

4.        It is obvious that…

It is obvious that…是个固定句型，意为“…是显然的”。如：

It is obvious that he told her a lie.

It is obvious that he didn’t do it himself.

It is+形容词＋that… 这种句型比较多见，同学们要学会自己归纳。如：

It is impossible that he will come this afternoon.

It is likely that he will give a speech.

It is important that you should keep obey the school rules.

It is strange that you don’t know him.

It is necessary that you should buy so many dresses at a time?

5.        open the floor

open the floor 意为“自由发言”。如：

The club members opened the floor for their discussion whether they should give up the plan or not.

open 的意思有很多。请试着说出下面这些句子中open的含义。

a. 告知，表明                       b. 开火                        c. 展现              

d. 开张                                   e. 以…开始                 d. 展开，打开。

(1)     The lovely view opened out before our eyes.

(2)     He opened his heart to the girl.

(3)     My dream is to open a restaurant.

(4)     The Red Army men opened fire at the enemy.

(5)     He opened out a folding map for all of us and began his story.

(6)     The story opened with a love story between a prince and a princess.

Keys: c        a        d       b       f        e

6.        run out of

run out of 意为“用完，耗尽”。如：

I have run out of my pocket money.＝My pocket money has run out.

We are running out of fuel. ＝Our fuel is running out.

由run构成的短语很多，请试着说出下列各句中run或其词组的含义。

a. 褪色                 b. 逃出，逃跑            c. 撞上               d. 偶然遇见

e. 发烧                 f. 追赶                        g. 连续跑

(1)     Luckily, they ran away from the fire.

(2)     I ran across one of my old friends in the street this morning.

(3)     The two policemen are running after a thief.

(4)     The color of this T-shirt runs easily.

(5)     His car ran into the post.

(6)     The little girl ran a high fever.

(7)     He will run on for hours if you don’t stop him.

Keys: b       d       f        a        c        e        g

7.        What if

what if 常用于口语中，意为“如果…怎么办？”或“即使…又有什么关系？”。如：

What if what he said is true?

What if it rains while we are still on our way home?

What if he gets angry?

what 或其构成的短语经常出现在口语中，表达不同的意思。请根据句意选择合适的答案。

a. What!                         b. What though             c. What for?                 

d. So what?           e. What about                        f. what it takes   

(1)     ______ going out for a walk after supper?

(2)     — I’ll go to Paris nest month? —______.

(3)     ______ Did you lose the collected money?

(4)     —You’ve told all our plan to our class teacher? — ______.

(5)     ______ we are poor, we still have each other.

(6)     Perseverance is ______ to succeed.

Keys: e      c        d       d       b       f

 

巩固练习: 用上面所学的7个短语的适当形式填空

         Are   you often caught in the heavy traffic jam? Are you surrounded by the numerous news of terrible car accidents? ___1___ , have you found that the air becomes less fresh? Yes, ___2___ with the number of the private cars increasing rapidly these days, new problems come up.

         I say, it’s time for all the citizens to ___3___ for this discussion whether the car production should be ___4___.        Or shall we take some measures to take the situation under control? ___5___ we ___6___ the petrol in the world? Will the terrible scene in the science fiction film come true? I hope it will ___7___ from our memory.

         Come on! Please take action to do something for ourselves.

Keys:         1. In addition                2. It is obvious that,             3. open the floor           4. cut back on               5. What if            6. run out of                 7. be wiped out

 

Part 5  Phrases from page 29 to 35

用下列词组的适当形式完成句子

take … into consideration, provide… for…, be stocked with, pick out, on doing sth., in the form of, be likely to do

1.Their diet contains a lot of fat ______ potato crisps, potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate.

2.The ship ______ modern technical equipment and computer for weather research.

3.They are busy ______ areas which are easily attacked by the terrorists.

4.He ______ come to the concert, for he is a music fan.

5.What should we ______ when we go rock-climbing?

6.______ the news, all  of us jumped with joy.

7.They ______ different things, including books, clothes, food ______ those children from mountainous areas.

 

答案解析

1.        in the form of

in the form of 意为“以…的形式，形态”。如：

She taught the children the 26 letters in the form of an English song.

He showed us water in the form of ice, snow, and steam.

form 还有其它意思，如：

Please fill in the application form.

That athlete was out of form and he lost the game.

A dark form could be seen in the distance.

He formed the habit of reading

An idea formed in his mind.

2.        is stocked with

] be stocked with意为“装备有…，储备有…”。如：

That shop is well stocked with the latest fashions of MP3.

That man is well stocked with information.

stock 除动词外，也可用作名词。如：

We have every type of color TVs in stock.

I’m sorry, this size of shoes is out of stock.

3.        picking out

pick out意为“找出，挑选”。 如：

She picked out a pair of shoes that matches her mother’s dress as a birthday gift.

Would you pick out the places where she would possibly go?

pick out还有“了解、领会”这一含义。如：

He is always quick in picking out the meaning of a passage.

pick 组成的短语也不少，请试着说出下列句子中pick短语的含义。

a. 挑三拣四                          b. 驾车去接某人                  c. 恢复健康                         

d. 遭扒窃                    e. 偶然获得                     f. 采花

(1)     Shall I pick you up at the station?

(2)     I had my pocket picked yesterday.

(3)     The boy was caught picking flowers in the garden.

(4)     Don’t pick and choose. We are short of money these days.

(5)     I think he’ll pick up soon.

(6)     He picked up the information in a most unlikely place.

Keys: b      d       f        a        c        e

4.        is likely to

be likely to 相当于be possible to do，意为“有可能会…”。如：

It is likely to rain tonight.

It is reported that the incident is likely to lead to a war.

它的另外一个句型是It is likely that …。此处的likely不能换成possible。如：

He is likely to win the game. ＝It is likely that he will win the game.

注意：likely可用作形容词和副词，而like可用作动词、介词、名词、形容词、连词和副词。请说说下列各句中划线部分的意思。

(1)     Like father, like son.

(2)     How would you like the book you read last week?

(3)     I feel like a cup of tea now.

(4)     I like collecting sweat papers.

(5)     It’s something like a cock.

(6)     I’ll do it now if you like.

(7)     Coffee doesn’t like me.

(8)     Tom is very much like his father.

(9)     It is a likely place for camping.

(10)  He has most likely lost his way.

Keys:

(1)     有其父比有其子。

(2)     你认为……如何？

(3)     想要

(4)     喜欢

(5)     有点象

(6)     如果你喜欢

(7)     不适合我的肠胃

(8)     很象

(9)     合适的地方

(10)  很可能

5.        take into consideration

take…into consideration意为“考虑到某事”。如：

We must take the weather into consideration first when climbing mountains.

be under consideration意为“正在考虑中”。如：

When to begin the plan of exchange students is under consideration.

leave... out of consideration意为“对…不加考虑”。如：

There is one important fact that has been left out of consideration.

show consideration for意为“体谅”。如：

He shows much consideration for his wife.

in consideration of意为“考虑到…，顾及…”。如：

In consideration of his poor health, they decided to go on the journey without him.

on no consideration 意为“绝不…”。如：

On no consideration can you give up the plan.

另外，considering是介词，意为“鉴于，就…而论”。如：

Considering his age, he has done very well.

6.        On hearing

on doing sth. 意为“一…就…”。如：

On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by the police. = On his arrival at the airport, he was arrested by the police.

On seeing her mother, the girl burst into tears.

7.        provided, for

provide sth. for sb. 意为“把某物提供给某人”，也可转换成provide sb. with sth. 如：

They provided the suffers with food and clothes. ＝They provided food and clothes for the suffers.

provided 是连词，意为“倘若…，在…条件下”。如：

Provided that there is no opposition, we’ll carry out the plan.

providing 也是连词，意为“倘若…”。如：

I shall go providing that it doesn’t rain.

 

巩固练习: 用上面所学的7个短语的适当形式填空

         Last night, I had a strange dream.

         I dreamed of going to visit the world famous director —Steven Spielberg. ___1___ the scene, I found his studio ___2___ the latest modern technical equipment. He had a friendly talk with me. He said ___3___ I would become a well-known director like him. He also said when directing a film, we should ___4___ audience ___5___, and only in this way could we ___6___ good films ___7___ them. I found all the plays were written ___8___ dialogues. Before I left, Steven ___9___ several plays for me to read.

         What a surprising dream!

Keys:         1. On arriving at           2. was stocked with               3. it was likely that                4. take                 5. into consideration              6. provide           7. for          8. in the form of           9. picked out

 

Part 6  Phrases on page 38

用下列词组的适当形式完成句子

under way           focus on              result in               lead to                 rely on              

It is illegal to do sth.                       prohibit sb. from doing sth.            solution to…

(1)     Those villagers ______ the Yangtze River for drinking water.

(2)     The factory poured waste water into the lake, which______ unsafe drinking water in this area.

(3)     As we all know, hard work ______success.

(4)     “______ fish in this area in a certain period,” the fisherman warned us.

(5)     Project Hope is still ______ to help those children to get educated in poor areas.

(6)     His speech mainly ______ the problem of increasing population in the world.

(7)     A lot of doctors were called in to work out possible ______ the unknown disease of the king.

(8)     Visitors ______ entering this area for the sake of their safety.

 

答案解析

1.        rely on

rely on相当于rely upon，有时可以用depend on替换，意为“依靠，依赖”。如：

You may not rely on the weather report.

He is not the person who can be relied on.

rely on/upon sb. doing或rely on/upon sb. to do 意为“指望或相信某人会做…”。如：

I rely on him to pay back the money. ＝I rely on his paying back the money.

rely on it that … 意为“相信…”。如：

You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.

2.        resulted in

result in 意为“导致…结果”。如：

His attempt to steal money from the lady resulted in failure.

result from意为“因…引起”。如：

The terrible road accident resulted from his carelessness.

as a result (of) 意为“由于…，因为”。如：

He was late for the school as a result of the traffic jam.

The man drove at a high speed in the limited area. As a result, he was fined.

without result 相当于in vain，意为“徒劳，毫无结果”。如：

I tried to recall her name without result.

3.        leads to

[解析] lead to 意为“导致（结果）”或“通向…”。如：

That he cheated in the exam led to his being punished.

All roads lead to Rome.

lead 还能构成其它词组，如：

Gone are the days when the peasants led a dog’s life.

What led you to believe what he said?

With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding the house.

4.        It’s illegal to

It’s illegal to do sth. 意为“做…是不合法的”。如：

It’s illegal for boys under 18 to drink in this state.

It’s illegal to carry guns without permission in our country.

It is+ 形容词+ to do的句型很多，举例如下：

It’s dangerous to swim alone in this river.

It is natural for him to oppose a plan like that.

It’s important to master a foreign language in the modern society.

5.        under way

under 意为“在进行中”。如：

Several projects are under way to help those poor college students to finish their education.

under 表示“（工作的继续）在进行之中”或“正被…中”，有好几个词组。如：

Our new school is under construction.

The car under repair belongs to Mr. Green.

He lived in the city of St. Petersburg when it was under attack of Nazi.

请用其短语的适当形式完成下列句子。

(1)     Only ______ can we work out the problem.

(2)     ______, where’s the nearest post office?

(3)     The students climbed ______ up to the top of the mountain.

(4)     He came to China ______ Japan.

(5)     At last, the company ______ the workers’ demand of a salary raise.

(6)     Don’t stand ______.

(7)     He was ______ to the airport when his car broke down.

(8)     You are correct ______.

(9)     You should ______ an ambulance when driving.

(10)  The girl ______ in the dark street, and she found no one to turn to for help.

(11)  The Great Wall ______ from east to west, lying in the north of China.

(12)  Mum, Can I play computer games for another 2 hours.                — ______!

Keys: (1) in this way            (2) By the way             (3) all the way!             (4) by way of               (5) gave way to           (6) in the way               (7) on his way          (8) in a way                  (9) make way for                   (10) lost her way                   (11) winds its way                (12) No way

6.        focused on

focus on 意为“集中，关注”。如：

We must focus our attention on our study.

Those who are nearsighted can’t focus on distant objects.

The boy forgot to telephone his grandmother with his thoughts focused on the maths problem.

7.        solutions to

solution to… 意为“…的解决方法”。如：

It took them a long time to find the solution to the trouble between the two villages.

与solution连用的动词主要有以下几个：

arrive at/come to/reach a solution

find/seek a solution

hit on a solution

该词组中的to为介词，以下词组中的to也是介词。如：

the key to success                the entrance to the cinema              the key to the door          the way to the school       

the notes to the text                   the answer to the question            pay attention to      look forward to

stick to                       devote …to …                   adapt to                   be addicted to

belong to                           in addition to                   be used to doing        add to  

come up to              turn to 

8.        are prohibited from

prohibit sb. from doing sth. 意为“用法律、规则等禁止某人做…”或“事情妨碍某人…”。如：

Children are prohibited from buying cigarettes.

The sale of this medicine is prohibited.

His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.

注意：prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.意为“妨碍、防止某人做某事”。其中prevent和stop词组里的from可省略。被动语态中，三个词组中的from都不能省略。如：

Her sudden arrival prevented me (from) going out.

The government has taken some measures to prevent the disease from spreading.

 

巩固练习:  用上面所学的8个短语的适当形式完成下列句子。

1.        Who did he ______ to finish his school education?

2.        ______ bring ivory from abroad to our country.

3.        The project ______ will last five years.

4.        We should try to work out some ______ this problem.

5.        His attempted to go into the White House ______ failure.

6.        We ______ going out of our school during weekdays.

7.        Students are encouraged to ______ the news at home and abroad.

8.        His dishonesty ______ his being fired by the company.

Keys: 1. rely on           2.It is illegal to              3. under way                4. solutions to              5. resulted in                 6. are prohibited from            7. focus on              8. led to